ഇമേജ് കോപ്പിയര്‍

 ഇമേജ് കോപ്പിയര്‍

 

PROJECT TITLE:

Image Copier

Aim:

To copy an image using reflection.

Materials Required:

1. Glass pane 2. Pencil/Pen

Procedure:

This is to make a device for copying images and drawings. A glass pane will reflect images like a mirror, especially when the far side of the pane is dark and the other side is illuminated. Place a glass pane to be supported vertically on a table, as shown. Place the image to be copied on one side of the glass, and a sheet of blank paper on the other. Sit on the side of the glass pane where the image is. Make the room dark except for one lamp that shines on the image. The image will seem to fall on the blank paper through reflection. The glass pane will be transparent enough for you to see your hand and pencil through to trace the image.

ഹീറ്റ് ഡിറ്റക്ടര്‍

ഹീറ്റ് ഡിറ്റക്ടര്‍

PROJECT TITLE:

Heat Detector

Aim:

To make a heat detector.

Materials Required:

1. Wooden box 2. Cardboard piece 3. Rubber band 4. Pin

Procedure:

Stretch a rubber band around the sides of a wooden box. Then cut out a arrow from the piece of cardboard and, mount it on a pin, and push the pin under the rubber band. If you now bring a burning match or candle close to the rubber band, the cardboard arrow will rotate anti-clockwise. Move the flame near the other end and the arrow rotates clockwise. The heat causes a portion of the band to contract, rotating the pin and arrow. This is because rubber contracts when heated and expands when cooled.

ഓട്ടോമാറ്റിക് സൈഫണ്‍

 

 ഓട്ടോമാറ്റിക് സൈഫണ്‍

PROJECT TITLE:

Automatic Siphon

Aim:

To make an Automatic Siphon.

Materials Required:

1. Glass tube 2. Bunsen burner

Procedure:

Take a single piece of glass tubing and with the help of a Bunsen burner, bend the tube into the shape indicated in the diagram. Allow it to cool. When the bent part is inserted in water the siphon will immediately start flowing. The siphon can also be made with a plastic drinking straw. The straws, cut to the proper lengths can be joined with adhesive to make the siphon.

സിമ്പിള്‍ സിനിമ

 

സിമ്പിള്‍ സിനിമ

PROJECT TITLE:

Simple Movie Displayer

Aim:

To make a simple Movie Pictures displayer.

Materials Required:

1. Sheet of paper 2. Pencil

Procedure:

Movies, TV and other motion pictures are an optical illusion produced by a series of still images projected sequentially and rapidly across the screen. The principle can be easily demonstrated with this simple Movie Pictures displayer. Fold in half a letter sized rectangular piece of paper. On the upper-half draw a cartoon face as shown and on the lower-half draw a slightly changed face.

Roll the upper-half into a tube. Hold your left finger on the upper left corner on a table, and use your right hand to rapidly roll & unroll the sheet using the pencil above the upper sheet, as shown. Move the pencil rapidly up and down, causing the upper sheet to unroll and roll up continuously. A Movie Pictures effect will be seen.

ക്രിസ്റ്റല്‍ ഫോര്‍മേഷന്‍

 ക്രിസ്റ്റല്‍ ഫോര്‍മേഷന്‍

 

PROJECT TITLE:

Crystal Formation

Aim:

To produce a large crystal of potash alum.

Materials Required:

1. Potash alum 2. Beakers 3. Glass rod 4. Piece of string

Procedure:

Put some finely-powdered potash alum into some distilled water in a beaker until a saturated solution is obtained. Heat the mixture until the solid at the bottom dissolves. Then allow the mixture to settle for a few minutes and then transfer the clear liquid to another beaker. From the crystals deposited, remove a single crystal that is well formed and suspend it from a glass rod in the saturated solution with a piece of string attached as shown. In order to get a large crystal, examine the crystal each day and remove from the solution any other crystal that may be formed elsewhere in the solution. Add more of the saturated solution from time to time to enable the alum crystal to grow to a large size. Repeat the experiment with other salts like copper sulphate, potassium chlorate, and nitre.

Observation:

It is possible to grow a crystal of about one inch diameter. It is recorded that crystals of potash alum of more than three feet across have been prepared.

Inference:

This experiment shows that crystals may be made to grow in size.

ഓക്സിജനുണ്ടാക്കാം

 

 ഓക്സിജനുണ്ടാക്കാം

PROJECT TITLE:

Production of Oxygen

Aim:

To produce oxygen by Priestley's method

Materials Required:

1. Test tube 2. Glowing splint 3. Mercuric oxide

Procedure:

Place some red mercuric oxide in a small test tube and heat for several minutes. Hold a glowing splint at the mouth of the tube. Note what happens to the splint and watch the sides of the test tube.

Observation:

You will notice that the glowing splint is relighted and tiny grey beads are produced on the sides of the test tube.

Inference:

The gas that relights a glowing splint is the same gas obtained by Priestley when he heated red oxide of mercury. It is oxygen. The grey beads are beads of mercury.

ഓക്സിജനുണ്ടാക്കാം ലാവോസിയര്‍ രീതിയില്‍

ഓക്സിജനുണ്ടാക്കാം ലാവോസിയര്‍ രീതിയില്‍

 

PROJECT TITLE:

Lavoisiers Process

Aim:

Lavoisier's process to extract oxygen.

Procedure:

Antoine Lavoisier performed his classic twelve-day experiment in 1779 which has become famous in history. First, Lavoisier heated pure mercury in a swan-necked retort over a charcoal furnace for twelve days. A red oxide of mercury was formed on the surface of the mercury in the retort. When no more red powder was formed, Lavoisier noticed that about one-fifth of the air had been used up and that the remaining gas did not support life or burning. Lavoisier called this latter gas azote. (Greek 'a' and ' zoe' = without life). He removed the red oxide of mercury carefully and heated it in a similar retort. He obtained exactly the same volume of gas as disappeared in the last experiment. He found that the gas caused flames to burn brilliantly, and small animals were active in it as Priestley had noticed in his experiment. Finally, on mixing the two types of gas, i.e. the gas left in the first experiment, and that given out in the second experiment, he got a mixture similar to air in all respects. Lavoisier's experiments uses the scientific, method of finding out the nature of an unknown substance by analysis, i.e. breaking down, and synthesis, i.e. building it up again from its constituents. In his experiments Lavoisier analysed air into two constituents: the one which supports life and combustion, and is one-fifth by volume of air he called oxygen (Greek, oxus=acid, gen=beget), the other four-fifths which does not he called azote. This latter gas is now called nitrogen. From the two gases he synthesised something that has the characteristics of air. Lavoisier's experiments gave us the theory of combustion as we have it to this day: that when a substance burns in air, it combines with oxygen of the air and the product of combustion is heavier than the original substance.